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KMID : 0191120220370100075
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Journal of Korean Medical Science
2022 Volume.37 No. 10 p.75 ~ p.75
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A Case Report of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia After ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination and Heparin Use During Hemodialysis
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Son Young-Bin
Kim Tae-Bum
Min Hyeon-Jin
Lee Jong-Hyun
Yang Ji-Hyun
Kim Myung-Gyu
Jo Sang-Kyung
Cho Won-Yong
Oh Se-Won
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Abstract
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Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but life-threatening complication. VITT strongly mimics heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and shares clinical features. Heparin is commonly used to prevent coagulation during hemodialysis. Therefore, nephrologists might encounter patients needing dialysis with a history of heparin exposure who developed thrombotic thrombocytopenia after vaccination. A 70-year-old male presented with acute kidney injury and altered mental status due to lithium intoxication. He needed consecutive hemodialysis using heparin. Deep vein thrombosis of left lower extremity and accompanying severe thrombocytopenia of 15,000/μL on 24 days after vaccination and at the same time, nine days after heparin use. Anti-platelet factor 4 antibody test was positive. Anticoagulation with apixaban and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion resolved swelling of his left calf and thrombocytopenia. There were no definitive diagnostic tools capable of differentiating between VITT and HIT in this patient. Although VITT and HIT share treatment with IVIG and non-heparin anticoagulation, distinguishing between VITT and HIT will make it possible to establish a follow-up vaccination plan in a person who has had a thrombocytopenic thrombotic event. Further research is needed to develop the tools to make a clear distinction between the clinical syndromes.
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KEYWORD
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Anti-Platelet Factor 4 Antibody, ChAdOx1 COVID-19 Vaccine, Heparin, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia
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